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Darvin Pal ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ², Raghuvir Singh ³, Kaushlendra Kumar ⁴, Adesh Singh ³, S. S. Tomar ³

Affiliations
1 Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, IN
2 ashishdwivedi842@gmail.com, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN
4 Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2012 at CRC of SVPUA and T, Meerut to evaluate the weed dynamics and performance of urdbean under integrated effect of land configurations and weed management regimes. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. In main plot factor, four land configuration i.e. Line sowing (30 cm), Ridge method, Broad bed method (30 cm) and Broadcast sowing and in sub plot factor, four method of weed management practices, i.e. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, two hand weedings at (20 and 40 DAS), and Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence and control were tested by using F test. The study on weeds and crop growth parameters was made on quadrate (1 m2) basis, whereas the yield attributes and yield were calculated on net plot area basis (12 m2). The economical studies were done on the basis of prevailing market prices of input and output. The results indicated that weed population and dry weight of weeds were significantly reduced with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence over Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. Plant population, growth parameters viz., plant height, number of trifoliate leaves and dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index found superior by using Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence than Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. This treatment also fetched Rs. 40631 and 53753 net and gross return, respectively. Moreover, under land configurations, Broad bed method (30 cm) showed highest values of above parameters followed by Ridge method, Line sowing (30 cm), and Broadcast sowing. Apart from above it also bring significantly reduction in weed population and dry weight of weeds. Thus, broad bed method in combination with Quizalofop ethyl @50 g a.i./ha as post emergence may be suggested for effective control of weeds in urdbean with maximum net return.

Keywords

Alluvial Soil, Land Configurations, Urdbean, Weed Dynamics, Weed Management Regimes

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Darvin Pal ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Raghuvir Singh ¹, Kaushlendra Kumar ², Adesh Singh ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN
2 Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2012 at CRC of SVPUA and T, Meerut to evaluate the weed dynamics and performance of urdbean under integrated effect of land configurations and weed management regimes. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. In main plot factor, four land configuration i.e. Line sowing (30 cm), Ridge method, Broad bed method (30 cm) and Broadcast sowing and in sub plot factor, four method of weed management practices, i.e. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, two hand weedings at (20 and 40 DAS), and Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence and control were tested by using F test. The study on weeds and crop growth parameters was made on quadrate (1 m2) basis, whereas the yield attributes and yield were calculated on net plot area basis (12 m2). The economical studies were done on the basis of prevailing market prices of input and output. The results indicated that weed population and dry weight of weeds were significantly reduced with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence over Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. Plant population, growth parameters viz., plant height, number of trifoliate leaves and dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index found superior by using Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence than Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. This treatment also fetched Rs. 40631 and 53753 net and gross return, respectively. Moreover, under land configurations, Broad bed method (30 cm) showed highest values of above parameters followed by Ridge method, Line sowing (30 cm), and Broadcast sowing. Apart from above it also bring significantly reduction in weed population and dry weight of weeds. Thus, broad bed method in combination with Quizalofop ethyl @50 g a.i./ha as post emergence may be suggested for effective control of weeds in urdbean with maximum net return.

Keywords

Alluvial Soil, Land Configurations, Urdbean, Weed Dynamics, Weed Management Regimes

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Adesh Singh ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹, Priyanka Bankoti ², Onkar Singh ³, Kapil Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN
2 Deptt. of Agronomy, Sri Guru Ram Rai Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, IN
3 Deptt. of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN
4 Deptt. of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN

Abstract

It is imperative that the world farmlands turn out to be the frontline for the battle to feed the projected 9 billion population globally. The deleterious effects of climate change on food security can be counteracting by broad-based agriculture development particularly enhanced crop diversification to mitigate farmer risk about complete destruction of crop that will overcome the impacts of climate change. It will also lead to benefits like improved food security besides improving soil nutrients. Therefore, a field trial was conducted. The experimental results revealed that application of 100% NPK with PSB and Zn in paired planted mashbean accumulated significantly more dry matter than rest of the treatment combinations, whereas normal planted mashbean intercropped with maize recorded maximum total uptake (8.15%) than 100% NPK alone. Likewise in maize similar trends were observed in dry matter and protein content. Moreover, application of 100% NPK alone with PSB and Zn on normal planted sole maize was brought significant improvement in organic carbon and potassium. However, nitrogen recorded higher under paired planted maize+mashbean. Though, normal (50 cm) planted maize+mashbean resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.73) at same fertility level.

Keywords

B:C Ratio, Maize+Mashbean, Intercropping, N Uptake, Protein Content, Soil Nutrients.

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Vinay Pandey ¹, Adesh Singh ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹, Kapil Kumar ², Roop Kishor ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P., IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Doon (P.G.) College of Agric. Science & Technology Affiliation-Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Deharadun, Uttrakhand, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 on sandy loam soil. The experiment aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrid maize with urdbean and mungbean under different planting patterns. In this investigation, 9 treatment combinations viz., maize with normal (1:1), paired (2:2) and strip (3:3) planted urdbean (Vigna mungo) and mungbean (Vigna radiata) along with all the three crops in their sole stands were tested in randomized block design with 3 replications. The study revealed that strip planted maize+urdbean (3:3) being on par with maize+mungbean (3:3) recorded significantly highest values of growth parameters, nodulation habitat, yield attributes and yield of maize in terms of grain yield (45.6 q/ha) and stover yield (77.8 q/ha), except phenological parameters and mortality %. In terms of protein in maize grains and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grains and stover, strip (3:3) planted maize proved its superiority over sole and normal (1:1) planted maize. Likewise, in intercrops, all the growth parameters, yields, nutrients content and protein yield were statistically superior in their sole as compared to normal (1:1), paired (2:2) and strip (3:3) planting with maize, except plant height.

Keywords

Zea mays L., Intercropping, Nutrient Content, Protein Yield, Row Ratio, Yield Attributes.

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S. S. Tomar ¹, Radha Tomar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, S. L .P. Govt. P. G. College, Gwalior-474006 (M.P.), IN
2 S.O.S. in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011 (M.P.), IN

Abstract

An ultrasonic grating acts as a sensor to evaluate adulteration in liquids. The method on physical optics in combination with ultrasonic grating has been used to diagnose adulteration in liquid mixtures for the present study. In this method separation between the diffracted dots depends upon the concentration or density or the refractive index of the adulterants. The variation of successive diffracted dots with concentration is sensitive enough to detect very small amount of adulteration. Light is diffracted due to ultrasonic grating and the separation of diffracted dots observed on the screen is a measure of adulteration in liquid mixtures.

Keywords

Acousto-Optics, Ultrasonic Grating, Diffraction, Adulteration.

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